Cold Sores: Causes and First Aid

Cold sores, sometimes referred to as fever blisters, are small red blisters that are found on the face. These fluid filled blisters often appear in multiples and patched over one area of the face, usually on or around the lips. Generally, cold sores pop open after a few days resulting to the leakage of clear fluid and a scab that is present only for a few days. The normal period for healing is usually a few days to two weeks. Although infrequent, the most common complication that can arise from cold sores is dehydration. Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is different from other common viral infections because symptoms do not usually manifest immediately after the infection. It is usually triggered by something else, which will be discussed later. HSV has two strains, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 is what causes the cold sores and is transmitted through oral secretions or presence of sores on the skin. Alternatively, Type 2 is what leads to genital herpes. Unfortunately, this infection remains for one’s lifetime. Causes of Cold Sores As previously mentioned, symptoms of HSV, such as cold sores remain dormant unless triggered by conditions such as: Viral infections such as those that cause the common cold and influenza, among others AIDS, chemotherapy medications or steroids, and other conditions that lead to immunosuppression Physical or emotional stress Fatigue Trauma Hormonal changes, such as during menstruation Weather exposure, such as sunlight and windy Associated Symptoms of Cold Sores Cold sores are symptoms of HSV Type 1. The following associated symptoms may also manifest: Collection of...